Pneumatic radial tires for motorcycles

ABSTRACT

A pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle is disclosed, which comprises a tread, a pair of sidewalls, a carcass composed of at least one rubberized ply containing organic fiber cords arranged in a direction of approximately 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, and a belt disposed between said tread and said carcass at a width corresponding to a tread width and composed of at least two rubberized plies each containing cords with a modulus of elasticity of at least 600 kg/mm 2  arranged at an inclination angle of 15°-30° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire. In the tire, each end of the carcass is wrapped around a bead ring embedded in each radially inner end portion of the sidewalls toward a direction of the tread to form a turnup portion; a tapered rubber filler extending from an upper part of the bead ring toward the tread direction and having a Shore A hardness of at least 60°, and at least one cord reinforcing layer extending upward from a position near the bead ring along the turnup portion and having an inclination cord angle of 15°-30°  with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire are disposed between the carcass and the turnup portion thereof or outside the turnup portion; and at least one of radial heights extending from the bead base to ends in the tread direction of the rubber filler, cord reinforcing layer and turnup portion corresponds to at least 60% of the radial height of the sidewall.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 397,333, filed July 12, 1982, now abandoned.

This invention relates to pneumatic radial tires for motorcycles.

In general, it is known that a radial tire comprises one or a few carcass plies each containing fiber or metal cords arranged in a direction of 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire (or a radial direction), and a belt disposed as an unextensible layer between the carcass and tread and composed of plural rubberized plies each containing metal cords or the like inclined at a small angle with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, the cords of which being crossed with each other. Furthermore, it is known that radial tires of the above structure have some excellent performance characteristics when compared with usually used bias tires (i.e. tire comprises plural carcass plies each containing fiber cords inclined at an angle of about 35° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, the cords of which being crossed with each other), i.e. they are good in the ride feeling because of considerable flexibility of the sidewall portion, while exhibiting both a high cornering performance or good cornering stability and a good wear resistance because the belt is provided on the crown portion of the tire. However, these factors are applied only to tires for four-wheeled vehicles.

If it is intended to use the radial tire construction in motorcycles, there is a problem relating to the cornering stability, so that there has been no consideration of applying the radial tire construction to the motorcycle. Because, the motorcycle is susceptible to insufficient camber thrust acting on the tire during cornering and the external disturbance mainly acting on the tire in straight running. That is, when the body of the motorcycle is inclined toward the cornering side during the cornering, a camber angle (an inclination angle of the equatorial plane of the tire with respect to a plane perpendicular to horizontal plane) is given to the tire, whereby a camber thrust is opposed to a centrifugal force acting to the horizontal plane and produced between the tire and the road surface. The cornering performance of the motorcycle is largely dependent upon the magnitude of camber thrust. Now, the camber thrust of the radial tire, which is insignificant in the four-wheeled vehicles, is about 1/2 to 2/3 of that of the bias tire. This is due to the fact that the sidewall of the radial tire is considerably flexible as a whole as compared with that of the bias tire. Such flexible sidewall construction susceptibly responds to the external disturbance in straight running, which causes the deterioration of the cornering stability in the motorcycles frequently running at high speed. This deterioration of the cornering stability is accompanied with a fatal drawback resulting in potential damage to the rider, which is entirely different from the case of applying the radial tire construction to the four-wheeled vehicle.

The inventors have made various studies with respect to radial tires for use in motorcycles and found that the above drawback can be eliminated by providing a unique reinforcing structure to the sidewall of the tire as a center. Also the effect of improving wet skid resistance is obtained to such an extent as has never been attained in a bias tire.

According to the invention, there is the provision of a pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle comprising a tread, a pair of sidewalls toroidally extending from said tread, a carcass reinforcing these tread and sidewalls and composed of at least one rubberized ply containing organic fiber cords arranged in a direction of approximately 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, said tread being extended between said sidewalls up to both positions corresponding to the maximum width of the tire parallel to said carcass at substantially an equal thickness, and a belt disposed between said tread and said carcass at a width corresponding to a tread width and composed of at least two rubberized plies each containing cords with a modulus of elasticity of at least 600 kg/mm² arranged at an inclination angle of 15°-30° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, said cords of which being crossed with each other, wherein

each end of said carcass is wrapped around a bead ring embedded in each radially inner end portion of said sidewalls toward a direction of said tread to form a turnup portion;

a tapered rubber filler extending from an upper part of said bead ring toward said tread direction and having a Shore A hardness of at least 60°, and at least one cord reinforcing layer extending upward from a position near said bead ring along said turnup portion and having an inclination cord angle of 15°-30° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire are disposed between said carcass and said turnup portion thereof or outside said turnup portion extending closely along said carcass; and

at least one of radial heights extending from the bead base to ends in the tread direction of said rubber filler, cord reinforcing layer and turnup portion corresponds to at least 60% of the radial height of said sidewall.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic radial half section of an embodiment of the pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the metal cord ply for the belt used in the invention;

FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic radial half sections of other embodiments of the pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of an embodiment of the tread pattern used in the pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle according to the invention; and

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of ground contact length corresponding to camber angle between the tires of the invention and the prior art.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In FIG. 1 is schematically shown a radial half section of a first embodiment of the pneumatic radial tire according to the invention, wherein a tire 1 is formed by toroidally connecting a sidewall 2 to a tread 3. While the left half section of the tire is omitted with respect to an equatorial plane O--O of the tire, it is understood that the tire is symmetrical with respect to the equatorial plane. The sidewall 2 and tread 3 as a whole are reinforced with a carcass 4. Each end of the carcass 4 is wrapped around a bead ring 5 embedded in each radially inner end portion of the sidewall 2 from inside toward outside to form a turnup portion 6. The carcass 4 is composed of at least one rubberized ply containing cords of an organic fiber such as nylon, rayon, polyester or the like arranged in a direction of approximately 90° with respect to the equatorial line O--O. FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of using the single ply as the carcass, but it is understood that plural plies may be intended in accordance with the tire size and use purpose.

The tread 3 extends from the position of the equatorial plane O--O toward both sides thereof at substantially an equal thickness. In this case, a tread width W starting from a tread end e corresponds to a maximum width of the tire.

A belt 7 is disposed on a crown portion E of the carcass 4 beneath the tread 3 so as to reinforce the whole region of the tread 3. In this case, the belt 7 may somewhat extend over the tread end e toward the sidewall 2. The belt 7 is composed of plural rubberized plies each containing cords with a modulus of elasticity of not less than 600 kg/mm² arranged at an inclination cord angle of 15°-30° with respect to the equatorial plane O--O, the cords of which being crossed with each other.

The term "modulus of elasticity of cord" used herein means to be calculated by the following equation when a relation between load and elongation is measured by applying a tensile force to the cord and a rising slope of the measured load-elongation curve is extended from this curve to determine a load at 10% elongation:

    Modulus of elasticity of cord=(F×10)/S,

wherein F is a load at 10% elongation and S is a sectional area of cord. In this connection, the modulus of elasticity of each of conventionally known cords is exemplified as follows:

    ______________________________________                                         Nylon-6          285         kg/mm.sup.2                                       Nylon-66         345         kg/mm.sup.2                                       Polyester        456         kg/mm.sup.2                                       High-modulus polyester*.sup.1                                                                   600         kg/mm.sup.2                                       Rayon            650         kg/mm.sup.2                                       Kevlar*.sup.2    3,700       kg/mm.sup.2                                       Steel            16,000      kg/mm.sup.2                                       ______________________________________                                          *.sup.1 cord of low polymerization degree polyethylene terephthalate           having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3-0.8 as measured in a solvent of           ochloro-phenol at a temperature of 25° C.;                              *.sup.2 cord of aromatic polyamide fiber, made by Du Pont Nemours, E.I.  

In the illustrated embodiment, the belt 7 is composed of two plies 7₋₁ and 7₋₂. As the reinforcing member for the belt, metal cords or fiber cords alone in both the plies 7₋₁ and 7₋₂ may be used; in the case fiber cords in the ply 7₋₁ and using metal cords in the ply 7₋₂, and the like may be used.

As the metal cord, it is desirable to use steel cord obtained by twisting 6 to 25 steel filaments, each having a diameter of not more than 0.15 mm, with each other. Preferably, the diameter of the steel filament is 0.15 mm, 0.12 mm or 0.10 mm. Furthermore, when metal cord is used in the plies for the belt, it is preferable to arrange the metal cords at a spacing ratio of 35-65%, and in this case the flexural rigidity of the cord is not excessively increased. The spacing ratio of metal cords is defined by the following equation as shown in FIG. 2: ##EQU1## wherein f is a center distance between cords C and d is a diameter of cord C.

According to the invention, a tapered rubber filler 8 extends from the upper part of the bead ring 5 toward a direction of the tread 3 and at least one cord reinforcing layer 9 extends upward from a position near the bead ring 5 along the turnup portion 6 are disposed between the carcass 4 and the turnup portion 6 thereof. The rubber filler 8 has a Shore A hardness of at least 60°, preferably not less than 65°. The upper limit of the hardness is not critical in view of tire performance, but when the hardness is higher than about 98°, the working efficiency becomes undesirably poor in view of tire production.

In the cord reinforcing layer 9, the fiber or metal cords are arranged at an inclination angle of 15°-30° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire. In this case, the value of the inclination angle is measured in the vicinity of the bead ring.

The cord reinforcing layer 9 may be arranged outside the turnup portion 6 of the carcass. However, it is desirable to arrange the cord reinforcing layer 9 adjacent to the turnup portion 6 between the carcass 4 and the turnup portion thereof as a composite structure with the rubber filler as shown in FIG. 1.

When radial heights extending from the bead base to ends in tread direction of the rubber filler 8, cord reinforcing layer 9 and turnup portion 6 are h₁, h₂ and h₃, respectively and a height of the sidewall expressed by a radial distance from the bead base to the tread end e is H, at leat one of heights h₁, h₂ and h₃ according to the invention corresponds to at least 60% of the height H of the sidewall.

In FIG. 1, the height h₁ of the rubber filler is 51% of the height H, the height h₂ of the cord reinforcing layer is 65% of the height H, and the height h₃ of the turnup portion is 105% of the height H. In this embodiment, the heights h₂ and h₃ exceed the standard value 60%, so that a flex zone 10 of the sidewall 2 is forced toward the tread direction between the cord reinforcing layer 9 and the tread 3 or belt 7 and at the same time the deformation of the flex zone 10 itself is restrained by overlapping the end part of the turnup portion 6 with the belt 7. Thus the cornering stability of the tire is further improved. For this purpose, it is desirable that an overlap width w of the end part of the turnup portion 6 to the belt 7 is at least 10 mm and the height h₁ of the rubber filler and/or the height h₂ of the cord reinforcing layer are within a range of 50-75% of the height H of the sidewall.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 is a chafer composed of fiber cords or a woven fabric serving to prevent rim chafing and to reinforce the lower part of the sidewall.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of the pneumatic radial tire according to the invention.

In this embodiment, two plies 7'₋₁ and 7'₋₂ are formed as a belt 7' by turning a single rubberized fiber cloth layer around the tread end e (or turn-over point 12) in the direction of the tread 3 and folding in a direction of the equatorial plane O--O to form a fold part 13. Moreover, both free ends of the fiber cloth layer as the belt 7' form an overlap part 14 with a slight width centering around the equatorial plane O--O. However, the formation of the overlap part 14 is not always required as the belt 7'.

Regarding the folding of the ply for the belt, there may be used various means in addition to the embodiment of FIG. 3 without departing the spirit of the invention. For instance, when using two plies as shown in FIG. 1, one of these plies is made wider than the other ply and both free ends thereof are folded in a direction of the tread or carcass by the conventionally well-known method for the formation of belt structure in pneumatic radial tires for four-wheeled vehicles. Furthermore, each free end of the ply is enveloped with the folded part of the other ply.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a third embodiment of the pneumatic radial tire according to the invention.

In this embodiment, each end of the carcass 4 is wrapped around the bead ring 5 from inside toward outside to form the turnup portion 6 extending closely along the carcass 4 toward the vicinity of the end part of the belt 7. Furthermore, the rubber filler 8 and the cord reinforcing layer 9 are disposed outside the turnup portion 6, respectively.

The invention will be described with reference to results of comparative test between the tire according to the invention and the conventional bias-structured tire.

In this comparison test, a tire to be mounted on a front wheel of a motorcycle had a size of 3.25 H 19 and a tread pattern formed in a tread divided into plural ribs by eight straight grooves extending circumferentially of the tread, while a tire to be mounted on a rear wheel of the motorcycle had a size of 130/90-16 and a tread pattern formed in a tread (3) divided into ribs 16 and blocks 17 by grooves 15 having various shapes as shown in FIG. 5. To these front and rear tires were applied the tire according to the invention and the conventional tire, respectively. The tires having sizes of 3.25 H 19 and 130/90-16 had the same dimensions for tire structure as shown in the following Table 1.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                          Tire according to                                                                           Conventional                                     Structure        the invention                                                                               tire                                             ______________________________________                                         Carcass 4                                                                              kind of cord polyester    nylon                                                             1,500 d/2    1,260 d/2                                            ply number    1            3                                                   cord angle (°)                                                                       90           30                                           Belt 7  kind of cord steel filament of                                                                           --                                                                0.12 mm diameter,                                                              twisting 3 × 4                                              ply number    2           --                                                   cord angle (°)                                                                       25           --                                           Rubber  hardness (°)                                                                         70           --                                           filler 8                                                                               (h.sub.1 /H) × 100 (%)                                                                51           --                                           Cord    kind of cord Kevlar       --                                           reinforcing                                                                            number of     1           --                                           layer 9 layer                                                                          cord angle (°)                                                                       25           --                                                   (h.sub.2 /H) × 100 (%)                                                                65           --                                           Turnup  (h.sub.3 /H) × 100 (%)                                                                105          35                                           portion 6                                                                              end part     overlap width to                                                                            --                                                                belt: 10 mm                                               ______________________________________                                    

Moreover, when the tire according to the invention was used as both the front and rear tires, the relationship among the ply for belt, rubber filler, cord reinforcing layer and turnup portion of carcass were the same as shown in FIG. 1.

The results of the comparative test are shown in the following Table 2, wherein each of the numerical values is expressed by an index on the basis that the conventional tire is 100 and the larger the value, the better the property.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                                        Tire according to                                                                           Conventional                                       Properties     the invention                                                                               tire                                               ______________________________________                                         Camber thrust  100          100                                                Durability at high speed                                                                      110          100                                                Wear resistance                                                                               125          100                                                Susceptibility to external                                                                    105          100                                                disturbance                                                                    Wet skid resistance                                                                           125          100                                                ______________________________________                                    

In the comparative test, the evaluation for each property of the tire is as follows:

(1) Camber thrust

In the rear tire of size 130/90-16, camber thrusts were measured at camber angles of 10°, 20°, 30° and 40° under conditions of an internal pressure of 2.8 kg/cm² and a load of 307 kg, respectively. The property was evaluated by an average value of the measured camber thrusts.

(2) Durability at high speed

The tire as described in the above item (1) was run on a steel drum having a smooth surface with a diameter of 1.6 m under the same conditions as described above at a speed of 180 km/hr for 10 minutes, and then the running was continued by raising the running speed at a rate of 10 km/hr every 10 minutes. The property was evaluated by the running speed of causing tire failure.

(3) Wear resistance

This property was evaluated after the motorcycle provided with the test tire was practically run on a circuit course of 4.3 km at an average speed of 100 km/hr over a distance of 500 km. The internal pressure was 2.0 kg/cm² in the front tire and 2.2 kg/cm² in the rear tire.

(4) Susceptibility to external disturbance

This property was evaluated by a feeling of a test driver after the motorcycle was run on the circuit course as described above at a maximum speed of 200 km/hr. The internal pressures of the front and rear tires were the same as described in the above item (3).

(5) Wet skid resistance

The motorcycle circled at a radius of 30 m on wetted skid pad, during which a slip limiting speed was measured for the evaluation. The internal pressures of the front and rear tires were the same as described in the item (3).

As apparent from Table 2, the pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle according to the invention is superior in the properties to the conventional tire.

Among the properties shown in Table 2, the wet skid resistance together with the wear resistance is prominently superior to that of the conventional tire, a cause of which is examined by the inventors as follows. That is, the variation of ground contact length of tire for different camber angles is measured by using the front tire of size 3.25 H 19 to obtain a result as shown in FIG. 6, wherein a broken line curve A is the case of using the tire according to the invention and a solid line curve B is the case of using the conventional tire. As apparent from the comparison of the curves A and B in FIG. 6, the ground contact length of the tire according to the invention considerably increases as the camber angle increases over about 20°. This fact means that the tire is difficult to slip on a road surface at a range of camber angle bringing about the increase of ground contact length.

In this connection, the cord angle of the ply for belt was actually measured with respect to the tire according to the invention under an inflation of internal pressure. As a result, the cord angle with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire is 25° at this equatorial plane, while the cord angle with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire (parallel to the equatorial line) is 28° at a middle position between the equatorial plane and the belt end and 35° at the belt end. Such a change of the cord angle in the widthwise direction of the belt is caused by a unique structure of the belt disposed between the carcass and the tread widely formed along the shape of the carcass at the same thickness. That is, such a difference of cord angle advantageously serves to assure the requirement of the tire for motorcycle in the straight running or cornering as apparent from the following reasons. When the tire is run straight at a high speed without giving the camber angle, only a rigidity in circumferntial direction is required for the belt, which is obtained by a smaller cord angle of the ply for belt. On the other hand, when the tire is run on a curved portion at a relatively low speed, a camber angle corresponding to this cornering degree is given to the tire, whereby the ground contact center of the tire is moved toward a side of the tread. As a result, the rigidity in circumferential direction is not required to an extent required in the central portion of the belt, but a rigidity in transverse direction is strongly required, which is obtained by a larger cord angle of the ply for belt. In other words, the change of cord angle in the widthwise direction of the belt means a difference of rigidity in the widthwise direction of the belt required in the tire for motorcycle, which is a function inherent to the pneumatic radial tire for motorcycle, because the shape of the belt in tires for four-wheeled vehicles is nearly cylindrical and the cord angle thereof is substantially the same at any positions in the widthwise direction of the belt.

According to the invention, tires for motorcycles with a radial structure, which have never been attained in the prior art, can be provided by skillfully combining the peculiar structure of the belt with the reinforcing structure of the sidewall as mentioned above. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A motorcycle tire comprising:a tread; a pair of sidewalls toroidally extending from said tread; a carcass reinforcing the tread and sidewalls and composed of at least one rubberized ply containing organic fiber cords arranged in a direction of approximately 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, each end portion of said carcass ply being wrapped around a bead ring embedded in each radially inner end portion of said sidewalls and extending toward said tread to form a turnup portion, said tread extended between said sidewalls up to both positions corresponding to the maximum width of the tire parallel to said carcass at substantially an equal thickness; a tapered rubber filler with a Shore A hardness of at least 60° provided along its side portion with at least one cord reinforcing layer containing cords arranged at an inclination angle of 15°-30° with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire and extending from an upper part of said bead ring toward said tread and being disposed between said carcass and said turnup portion thereof; a belt disposed independently of said cord reinforcing layer in said sidewall and positioned between said tread and said carcass at a width corresponding to tread width and consisting of aromatic polyamide fiber cords arranged at an inclination angle of 15°-30° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, said cords of said belt plies being crossed with each other; a radial height (h₁) of the top end of said rubber filler measured from a bead base is within a range of 50%-75% of a radial height (H) of said sidewall measured from the bead base and radial heights (h₁) and (h₃) of top ends of said cord reinforcing layer and said turnup portion of the carcass ply being located at positions corresponding to at least 60° of said radial height (H); and top ends of said rubber filler, said cord reinforcing layer and said turnup portion are arranged to provide gradually decreasing stiffness thereamong in said sidewall toward the tread.
 2. The motorcycle tire of claim 1, wherein the radial height (h₃) of said turnup portion is greaer than the radial height (H) of the sidewall.
 3. The motorcycle tire of claim 1, wherein the radial height (h₂) of the cord reinforcing layer is greater than the radial height (h₁) of the top end of said rubber filler.
 4. The tire according to claim 1, wherein said rubber filler and cord reinforcing layer are closed with each other to form a composite structure, and said cord reinforcing layer is located between said carcass and said turnup portion thereof on the side of said turnup portion.
 5. The tire according to claim 1, wherein an end part of said turnup portion of the carcass is overlapped with an end part of said belt. 